Cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II), also known as N3 Dye, is one of the earliest benchmarked ruthenium complex dyes developed for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Since its discovery, it has become the paradigm of heterogeneous charge-transfer sensitizer for mesoporous solar cells.

Fully-protonated N3 dye has absorption maxima at 518 nm and 380 nm, with extinction coefficients of 13 K and 13.3 K M−1 cm−1 respectively. Adsorbed onto nanocrystalline TiO2 film, total energy conversion efficiency from light to electricity η of the cell was 10% under AM 1.5 irradiation [1]

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